Ocean Atlas · Animals

Sharks

White shark

Carcharodon carcharias

White sharks are powerful, warm-bodied ocean travellers. What they eat, where they travel and where they gather change with age and region. They are far more than the seal-hunting stereotype.

VulnerableIn 17 Atlas countries

Vulnerable (IUCN, 2019) means it is at high risk of extinction in the wild.

Length

Adults usually about 3.5 to 5 m (11 to 16 ft); largest about 6.4 m (21 ft)

Weight

Varies a lot with sex and size, typical weight not reliably measured; heaviest reliable record about 2,040 kg (4,500 lb)

Next to a person

About two to three times as long as an adult person

What it eats

Young white sharks mainly eat fish, squid, smaller sharks and rays. Larger ones often hunt seals and sea lions, and also eat other sharks, rays, fish, sea turtles and dead whales.

Around people

Potentially dangerous, respect

How it lives

The white shark is partly warm-blooded, which helps it hunt in cool waters. Young sharks eat mostly fish, while larger sharks in some regions gather around seal colonies. It keeps its distance from other white sharks using body language, such as swimming side by side or slapping its tail. Females give birth to large live pups every 2 to 3 years.

Where it goes

White sharks make regional trips and full ocean crossings. Adults from central California spend autumn near seal colonies such as the Farallon Islands, then swim far offshore to the White Shark Café between California and Hawaiʻi. A female tagged at Gansbaai crossed the Indian Ocean to Western Australia in 99 days and came back.

Populations

There are three major lineages with little mixing today: North Atlantic and Mediterranean; Indo-Pacific (South Africa, Australia and New Zealand); and North Pacific (California and Guadalupe). Diet and seasonal gathering sites differ by region. It is one species; these lineages are not subspecies.

Meet it respectfully

Never swim freely around white sharks. Where watching is allowed, it happens only in legal, licensed formats, and the rules on cages, bait and attractants differ by place. At the Neptune Islands, Australia, feeding is banned and attractant use is limited. At the Farallon Islands, California, attracting white sharks is banned. Guadalupe Island, Mexico, is closed to visitors and to cage diving.

Fun fact

Tap the bulb to light it up.

Where it goes

Follow its journey

Choose a journey and watch it travel. Every line comes from satellite tracking or documented research, and the source is named.

StartEndJourney (the line joins documented areas; real paths vary)

Where you may meet it

White shark in the Ocean Atlas

Places we have researched where this animal is recorded. It is never guaranteed, and some places are for watching from the boat only.

FijiTanzaniaW. SaharaCanadaUnited States of AmericaKazakhstanUzbekistanPapua New GuineaIndonesiaArgentinaChileDem. Rep. CongoSomaliaKenyaSudanChadHaitiDominican Rep.RussiaBahamasFalkland Is.NorwayGreenlandFr. S. Antarctic LandsTimor-LesteSouth AfricaLesothoMexicoUruguayBrazilBoliviaPeruColombiaPanamaCosta RicaNicaraguaHondurasEl SalvadorGuatemalaBelizeVenezuelaGuyanaSurinameFranceEcuadorPuerto RicoJamaicaCubaZimbabweBotswanaNamibiaSenegalMaliMauritaniaBeninNigerNigeriaCameroonTogoGhanaCôte d'IvoireGuineaGuinea-BissauLiberiaSierra LeoneBurkina FasoCentral African Rep.CongoGabonEq. GuineaZambiaMalawiMozambiqueeSwatiniAngolaBurundiIsraelLebanonMadagascarPalestineGambiaTunisiaAlgeriaJordanUnited Arab EmiratesQatarKuwaitIraqOmanVanuatuCambodiaThailandLaosMyanmarVietnamNorth KoreaSouth KoreaMongoliaIndiaBangladeshBhutanNepalPakistanAfghanistanTajikistanKyrgyzstanTurkmenistanIranSyriaArmeniaSwedenBelarusUkrainePolandAustriaHungaryMoldovaRomaniaLithuaniaLatviaEstoniaGermanyBulgariaGreeceTurkeyAlbaniaCroatiaSwitzerlandLuxembourgBelgiumNetherlandsPortugalSpainIrelandNew CaledoniaSolomon Is.New ZealandAustraliaSri LankaChinaTaiwanItalyDenmarkUnited KingdomIcelandAzerbaijanGeorgiaPhilippinesMalaysiaBruneiSloveniaFinlandSlovakiaCzechiaEritreaJapanParaguayYemenSaudi ArabiaN. CyprusCyprusMoroccoEgyptLibyaEthiopiaDjiboutiSomalilandUgandaRwandaBosnia and Herz.MacedoniaSerbiaMontenegroKosovoTrinidad and TobagoS. SudanBaird Bay and Eyre Peninsula, AustraliaBarunguba and Narooma, AustraliaBremer Bay, AustraliaCairns, Port Douglas and the Ribbon Reefs, AustraliaChristmas Island, AustraliaCocos (Keeling) Islands, AustraliaLady Elliot Island, AustraliaLord Howe Island, AustraliaNingaloo, AustraliaRowley Shoals, AustraliaTasman Peninsula and Eaglehawk Neck, AustraliaMaria Island and the east coast, AustraliaLa Ventana, MexicoGuadalupe Island, MexicoAliwal Shoal and Umkomaas, South AfricaCape Town and Hermanus, South AfricaSodwana Bay, South AfricaFlorida Keys (Key Largo), United StatesLa Jolla and the Channel Islands, United StatesMaui, United StatesOʻahu, United StatesSan Diego and La Jolla, United StatesJuneau and Southeast Alaska, United StatesGlacier Bay, United StatesSeward and Kenai Fjords, United StatesKaikōura, New ZealandPoor Knights Islands, New ZealandBay of Islands, New ZealandHauraki Gulf, New ZealandAkaroa and Banks Peninsula, New ZealandFernando de Noronha, BrazilAbrolhos, BrazilPraia do Forte, BrazilSanta Catarina whale coast, BrazilBonito, BrazilBourail, Poé and Déva, New CaledoniaNouméa and the Great Southern Lagoon, New CaledoniaPoindimié and Hienghène, New CaledoniaÎle des Pins (Kunié), New CaledoniaEmily Bay and Slaughter Bay, Norfolk IslandPond Inlet and the Nunavut floe edge, CanadaDigby Neck and Brier Island, CanadaSable Island, CanadaInner Hebrides (Coll, Tiree and Mull), United KingdomMoray Firth and Chanonry Point, United KingdomOrkney and Scapa Flow, United KingdomFarne Islands, United KingdomLundy, United KingdomEfate, Havannah Harbour and Moso, VanuatuEspiritu Santo and Aore, VanuatuMaskelyne Islands and South Malekula, VanuatuTanna, VanuatuOkinawa, JapanVava'u and Ha'apai, TongaAjaccio and the Gulf of Ajaccio, FranceBonifacio, Porto-Vecchio and the Lavezzi Islands, FranceMarseille, the Calanques and Cassis, FrancePort-Cros, Porquerolles and Hyères, FranceVillefranche-sur-Mer and Nice, FranceBouche du Roy and Grand-Popo, BeninAlonissos, GreeceAmorgos, GreeceAntiparos, GreeceAthens Riviera and Attica, GreeceCorfu, GreeceCrete, GreeceFolegandros, GreeceHalkidiki, GreeceKalamata and Messinia, GreeceKalymnos, GreeceKea, GreeceKefalonia, GreeceKos, GreeceMilos, GreeceNaxos, GreeceNisyros, GreeceRhodes, GreeceSkopelos, GreeceZakynthos, GreeceUstica, Sicily, ItalyTavolara and Capo Carbonara, Sardinia, ItalyPortofino and the Ligurian Sea, ItalyPlemmirio, Syracuse, Italy

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