White shark
Carcharodon carcharias
White sharks are powerful, warm-bodied ocean travellers. What they eat, where they travel and where they gather change with age and region. They are far more than the seal-hunting stereotype.
Vulnerable (IUCN, 2019) means it is at high risk of extinction in the wild.
Photos show the species, not always the places on this page.
Length
Adults usually about 3.5 to 5 m (11 to 16 ft); largest about 6.4 m (21 ft)
Weight
Varies a lot with sex and size, typical weight not reliably measured; heaviest reliable record about 2,040 kg (4,500 lb)
Next to a person
About two to three times as long as an adult person
What it eats
Young white sharks mainly eat fish, squid, smaller sharks and rays. Larger ones often hunt seals and sea lions, and also eat other sharks, rays, fish, sea turtles and dead whales.
Around people
Potentially dangerous, respect
How it lives
The white shark is partly warm-blooded, which helps it hunt in cool waters. Young sharks eat mostly fish, while larger sharks in some regions gather around seal colonies. It keeps its distance from other white sharks using body language, such as swimming side by side or slapping its tail. Females give birth to large live pups every 2 to 3 years.
Where it goes
White sharks make regional trips and full ocean crossings. Adults from central California spend autumn near seal colonies such as the Farallon Islands, then swim far offshore to the White Shark Café between California and Hawaiʻi. A female tagged at Gansbaai crossed the Indian Ocean to Western Australia in 99 days and came back.
Populations
There are three major lineages with little mixing today: North Atlantic and Mediterranean; Indo-Pacific (South Africa, Australia and New Zealand); and North Pacific (California and Guadalupe). Diet and seasonal gathering sites differ by region. It is one species; these lineages are not subspecies.
Meet it respectfully
Never swim freely around white sharks. Where watching is allowed, it happens only in legal, licensed formats, and the rules on cages, bait and attractants differ by place. At the Neptune Islands, Australia, feeding is banned and attractant use is limited. At the Farallon Islands, California, attracting white sharks is banned. Guadalupe Island, Mexico, is closed to visitors and to cage diving.
Fun fact
Tap the bulb to light it up.
A white shark once swam from South Africa to Australia and back, the fastest known ocean-crossing return trip of any swimming animal.
On that trip it dived to 980 m, into water as cold as 3.4°C.
White sharks are partly warm-blooded, which helps them hunt in cool water.
In 2005, scientists reported a white shark that swam from South Africa to Australia and back. It was the fastest known ocean-crossing return trip of any swimming animal.
Source: Bonfil et al., 2005, Science, transoceanic migration of white sharks
On that journey across the Indian Ocean, the white shark dived to 980 m and swam through water as cold as 3.4°C.
Source: Bonfil et al., 2005, Science, transoceanic migration of white sharks
Mexico closed Guadalupe Island to white shark cage diving in 2023. The island's protected area plan no longer allows watching white sharks for fun, to stop the use of bait and cages there.
Source: Divernet, 2023, Guadalupe shark-dive ban made permanent (CONANP)
At Gansbaai, South Africa, white sharks have become very rare since two orcas began hunting them around 2017. A September 2026 report says the last one recorded there was in October 2025, and bronze whaler sharks are now the main shark seen.
Source: Sunday Times (South Africa), 20 Sep 2026, shark-cage diving in Gansbaai
At the Neptune Islands in South Australia, licensed tours may use up to 100 kg of minced fish a day to attract sharks, but feeding the sharks is not allowed.
Source: South Australia, White Shark Tour Licensing Policy, 2017
Follow its journey
Choose a journey and watch it travel. Every line comes from satellite tracking or documented research, and the source is named.
StartEndJourney (the line joins documented areas; real paths vary)
White shark in the Ocean Atlas
Places we have researched where this animal is recorded. It is never guaranteed, and some places are for watching from the boat only.
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Read more about the white shark
Sources for this page
- Florida Museum of Natural History, 2026
- NOAA Fisheries, 2026
- FishBase, 2018
- Christiansen et al., 2014
- Current Biology, 2024
- Greater Farallones National Marine Sanctuary, white shark regulations
- South Australia, White Shark Tour Licensing Policy, 2017
- Divernet, Guadalupe shark-dive ban made permanent, 2023
- Sunday Times (South Africa), Gansbaai, 20 Sep 2026
- Bonfil et al., 2005, Science
Facts checked 26 September 2026. Photos: Unsplash licence, or Creative Commons as shown on each photo.
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