Ocean Atlas · Animals

Seals, octopuses, jellyfish and more

African darter

Anhinga rufa

A slim neck rising from still water, then gone beneath the surface. A darter shows itself when it chooses, and no sighting is ever a promise.

Least ConcernIn 21 Atlas countries

Least Concern (IUCN, 2024) means it is not at high risk of extinction at present, because it is widespread and common in Africa.

Length

About 80 to 97 cm (31 to 38 in) long; wingspan about 115 to 128 cm (45 to 50 in)

Weight

About 1 to 1.48 kg (2.2 to 3.3 lb). Sources differ: SA-Venues gives 1 to 1.35 kg and Oiseaux.net gives 1.35 to 1.48 kg

Next to a person

Body about as long as an adult leg, with wings that spread wider than a standard door, and about as heavy as one to one and a half bags of sugar

What it eats

Mostly fish. Biodiversity Explorer names tilapia, bream and tigerfish. It also takes amphibians, reptiles and invertebrates. It spears a fish underwater, tosses it into the air and swallows it head first.

Around people

Shy, watch quietly

How it lives

African darters nest in colonies, often with cormorants, herons and egrets, on stick platforms in trees or reeds over water. Clutches are about 3 to 6 eggs, and one source gives 2 to 7. Incubation is reported at about 22 to 30 days, and chicks fledge at about five to seven weeks. The feathers are not waterproof, so after feeding the bird spreads its wings in the sun to dry. It often swims with only its neck above the water.

Where it goes

The African darter is described as sedentary, so birds usually stay near the lakes, rivers and brackish water they know. I did not find tracking studies in the sources opened.

We only draw a journey on the map when scientists have tracked it or clearly documented it. For this animal we have not found one yet.

Populations

Least Concern (IUCN, 2024). Wikipedia calls it widespread and common across sub-Saharan Africa, and Biodiversity Explorer calls it fairly common in Zimbabwe, northern and eastern Botswana, South Africa and parts of Namibia and Mozambique. No population number was given in the sources opened. A related form, the Levant darter, once lived in Turkey, Israel and Iraq and disappeared from there during the 20th century.

Meet it respectfully

Watch from a distance with binoculars, from the bank or a quiet boat. Never chase, touch, feed or bait a darter. Keep boats and kayaks well away from nesting trees and reedbeds, and do not flush birds from their perches. Follow your guide and any local rules. Sightings are never promised.

Fun fact

Tap the bulb to light it up.

Where you may meet it

African darter in the Ocean Atlas

Places we have researched where this animal is recorded. It is never guaranteed, and some places are for watching from the boat only.

FijiTanzaniaW. SaharaCanadaUnited States of AmericaKazakhstanUzbekistanIndonesiaArgentinaChileDem. Rep. CongoSomaliaKenyaSudanChadHaitiDominican Rep.RussiaBahamasFalkland Is.Fr. S. Antarctic LandsTimor-LesteSouth AfricaLesothoMexicoUruguayBrazilBoliviaPeruColombiaPanamaCosta RicaNicaraguaHondurasEl SalvadorGuatemalaBelizeVenezuelaGuyanaSurinameFranceEcuadorPuerto RicoJamaicaCubaZimbabweBotswanaNamibiaSenegalMaliMauritaniaBeninNigerNigeriaCameroonTogoGhanaCôte d'IvoireGuineaGuinea-BissauLiberiaSierra LeoneBurkina FasoCentral African Rep.CongoGabonEq. GuineaZambiaMalawiMozambiqueeSwatiniAngolaBurundiIsraelLebanonMadagascarPalestineGambiaTunisiaAlgeriaJordanUnited Arab EmiratesQatarKuwaitIraqOmanCambodiaThailandLaosMyanmarVietnamNorth KoreaSouth KoreaMongoliaIndiaBangladeshBhutanNepalPakistanAfghanistanTajikistanKyrgyzstanTurkmenistanIranSyriaArmeniaUkraineAustriaHungaryMoldovaRomaniaBulgariaGreeceTurkeyAlbaniaCroatiaSwitzerlandPortugalSpainAustraliaSri LankaChinaTaiwanItalyAzerbaijanGeorgiaPhilippinesMalaysiaBruneiSloveniaEritreaJapanParaguayYemenSaudi ArabiaN. CyprusCyprusMoroccoEgyptLibyaEthiopiaDjiboutiSomalilandUgandaRwandaBosnia and Herz.MacedoniaSerbiaMontenegroKosovoTrinidad and TobagoS. SudanIona National Park coast, AngolaKissama National Park coast, AngolaBouche du Roy and Grand-Popo, BeninKribi and Ebodje coast, CameroonDouala-Edea coast, CameroonGrand-Béréby, Côte d'IvoireMuanda and the Mangroves Marine Park, Democratic Republic of the CongoSouthern Bioko beaches, Equatorial GuineaMayumba National Park, GabonLoango National Park, GabonBolong Fenyo, Gunjur, GambiaTanji Karinti Bird Reserve, GambiaAda Foah and the Volta estuary, GhanaMuni-Pomadze, GhanaOrango Grande and Orango National Park, Guinea-BissauPoilao Island, Guinea-BissauKish Island, IranHengam Island and Dolphins' Bay, IranQeshm Island and the Hara mangroves, IranDayer-Nakhiloo Marine National Park, IranWatamu, KenyaDiani, KenyaShimoni and Kisite, KenyaIfaty and Mangily, MadagascarNosy Be, MadagascarÎle Sainte-Marie, MadagascarBanc d'Arguin National Park, MauritaniaNouadhibou and Cap Blanc, MauritaniaTofo, MozambiqueWalvis Bay and Swakopmund, NamibiaLagos coast and Lekki, NigeriaBadagry coast, NigeriaConkouati-Douli National Park, Republic of the CongoPointe-Noire coast, Republic of the CongoSaloum Delta, SenegalAliwal Shoal and Umkomaas, South AfricaCape Town and Hermanus, South AfricaSodwana Bay, South AfricaMafia Island, TanzaniaMikindani and Mnazi Bay, TanzaniaZanzibar - Matemwe, Mnemba and Chumbe, Tanzania

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Sources for this page

Facts checked 5 October 2026. Photos: Unsplash licence, or Creative Commons as shown on each photo.

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